국가지하수정보센터
빅데이터플랫폼기술동향
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[기술동향] [미국] MWD, LACSD의 물재활용 공급 프로그램 합류
[미국] MWD, LACSD의 물재활용 공급 프로그램 합류
캘리포니아 메트로폴리탄 물지구(MWD, Metropolitan Water District) 이사회는 최근 현재 태평양으로 배출되는 폐수를 정화하는 대신 지역의 지하수 분지를 충전하는 데 사용할 수 있는 대규모의 지역적 처리 프로젝트의 발전 가능성에 대한 길을 포장하는 프로젝트의 첫 번째 단계를 승인했다.
이사회는 LA위생국인 LACSD로부터 계약의 권한을 부여받아 하루처리용량 100만 갤런 규모의 실증플랜트를 개발하며, 미국 전역에서 가장 큰 물재활용 공급 프로그램이 될 수 있는지에 대해 미래의 발전을 위한 조건을 설정한다.
[원문내용]
MWD joins L.A. Sanitation Districts to explore recycled water supply program
The Metropolitan Water District (MWD) of California\'s Board of Directors recently approved the first step of a project that will pave the way toward the potential development of a large-scale regional treatment project to purify wastewater currently discharged into the Pacific Ocean and instead use it to recharge local groundwater basins.
The board authorized an agreement with the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County to develop a 1-million-gallon-per-day demonstration plant and also to establish terms and conditions for future development of what could become the largest recycled water supply program of its kind in the nation.
Under the partnership, MWD could ultimately build a new purification plant to produce up to 168,000 acre-feet per year at the Sanitation District\'s Joint Water Pollution Control Plant in Carson along with about 30 miles of distribution pipelines to replenish groundwater basins in Los Angeles and Orange counties.
MWD Board Chairman Randy Record said the proposed program would represent the first in-region production of water by MWD, the Southland\'s primary water import agency. "The purified water produced by this program would represent a new drought-proof supply to help replenish the region’s groundwater basins, which typically produce about a third of Southern California\'s overall water needs," he said.
MWD General Manager Jeffrey Kightlinger said the proposed project involves the use of established technologies to purify secondary-treated wastewater and convert it into a supply that is suitable for indirect potable reuse through groundwater recharge. "Under this program, water would be purified and injected or spread into local groundwater basins as an added safety barrier before being pumped out and used as drinking water," he said.
The MWD Board action authorizes $15 million for the demonstration plant and feasibility studies. The board of directors of the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County will consider the proposed agreement terms on Nov. 16. The program\'s first operational phase could produce about 67,000 acre-feet of recycled water per year. Additional phases could bring total production up to 168,000 acre-feet.
[출처 = Water World / 2015년 11월 12일] -
[기술동향] [대만] 펑후주, 정부에 담수화 확장계획 지원 촉구
[대만] 펑후주, 정부에 담수화 확장계획 지원 촉구
대만 펑후(Penghu)주 주지사인 Chen Kuang-fu는 중앙정부가 펑후주에 제안된 담수화 용량 확장건을 지원할 것을 촉구했다. Chen은 내년 대만의 외진 섬에서 물 공급을 향상시키기 위해 펑후에 계획된 담수화 확장이 국가정부의 프로그램에 포함되어야 한다고 주장했다.
펑후주는 하루 40ML 규모의 담수화 플랜트 건설 계약에 서명했으며, 플랜트는 2018년 5월 완공될 것으로 기대된다. 확장 계획은 주가 지하수 사용을 저감할 수 있도록 용량을 하루 6ML까지 끌어올린다는 내용이다.
[원문내용]
Taiwan county seeks central backing for desalination expansion plan
Taiwan\'s Penghu county magistrate, Chen Kuang-fu, has urged central government to back the county\'s proposed expansion of its desalination capacity.
Chen appealed for Penghu\'s planned desalination expansion to be included in the national government\'s programme to improve water supplies in Taiwan\'s outlying islands for next year.
Penghu has signed contracts for construction of a 40 Ml/d desalination plant which is expected to be completed in May 2018. The planned expansion would up the capacity by another 6 Ml/d to enable the county to reduce its use of ground water.
Legislator Yang Yao warned that groundwater should not be used as an everyday water source, and water supply issues affect plans by businesses to invest in the county.
[출처 = Desalination & Water Reuse / 2015년 11월 10일] -
[기술동향] [미국] 지질연구소, 최초로 지하수 내 아나목스활동량 연구
[미국] 지질연구소, 최초로 지하수 내 아나목스활동량 연구
미국 지질연구소(USGS) 소속의 과학자들은 버지니아 해양과학연구소 및 코네티컷대학교 연구진과의 협업으로 분야 최초로 지하수에서의 아나목스(anammox) 활동량을 연구하고, 지하수 내에서 질소제거는 자연적으로 발생하는 박테리아의 활동을 통해 일어날 수 있다는 사실을 입증했다.
‘혐기성암모늄산화(anaerobic ammonium oxidation)’, 즉 아나목스는 자연적으로 발생하는 박테리아에 의해 수행된 과정으로 박테리아는 유해 질소가스 생산을 위해 두 성분을 결합하면서 암모늄 제거와 질소산화물 저감을 동시에 할 수 있다.
[원문내용]
USGS conducts first-ever field measurements of anammox activity in groundwater
Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) -- in collaboration with partners from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science and the University of Connecticut -- have conducted the first-ever field measurements of anammox activity in groundwater, demonstrating that nitrogen removal from groundwater can occur through the action of naturally occurring bacteria.
Anammox, short for "anaerobic ammonium oxidation," is a process carried out by naturally occurring bacteria that can simultaneously remove ammonium and reduce nitrogen oxides (such as nitrate and nitrite), combining the two to produce harmless nitrogen gas.
Over the past 100 years, humans have drastically altered the global nitrogen budget by fixing nitrogen gas from air to produce fertilizer in the form of ammonium and nitrate. Nitrate and ammonium are now prevalent fixed nitrogen contaminants that may be found in surface water and groundwater worldwide. Until fixed nitrogen is converted back to nitrogen gas, it remains as a potential water contaminant. Anammox and denitrification are the only two processes that can remove excess fixed nitrogen by chemically changing it back to nitrogen gas.
Discovered just 20 years ago in wastewater treatment systems, anammox has been studied since then in laboratory settings using enrichment cultures. Relatively recently, anammox was found to be ecologically important in marine and other surface water environments.
Working at a carefully monitored USGS groundwater study site at Cape Cod, Mass., the research team found that anammox was active in the subsurface in a variety of geochemical conditions, even where groundwater ammonium concentrations were low. The rates of activity were relatively low, but anammox could potentially affect inorganic nitrogen concentrations in situations where groundwater residence times are sufficiently long.
The paper documents the competition between anammox and denitrification for nitrogen oxides and explores the effect of altered organic carbon concentrations on that competition. The results of this study indicate that anammox does occur in groundwater, that it can be an important mechanism for fixed nitrogen removal, and that it should be included when interpreting subsurface geochemistry and constructing groundwater nitrogen budgets.
[출처 = Water World / 2015년 11월 5일] -
[기술동향] [인도네시아] 물 위기 극복 나서
[인도네시아] 물 위기 극복 나서
인도네시아는 가뭄을 해결하고자 사우전드 제도(Thousand Islands)의 5개 섬에서 해수담수화 프로젝트를 개발할 계획이다. 사우전드 제도의 섭정자 Budi Utomo는 이 프로젝트들이 내년 Karya, Kelapa, Harapan, Tidung, Untung Jawa 지역에 완공될 것이라고 밝혔다.
사우전드 제도는 현재 지하수 RO 담수화 시설을 이용하고 있다. Budi의 말에 따르면 현재 담수화 프로그램을 위한 전력망은 설치된 상태다. 그는 “우리는 더 많은 에너지가 필요하다. 현재의 RO 시설은 향후 지어질 담수화 시설보다 적은 에너지를 이용한다”고 설명했다.
[원문내용]
Indonesia moves to avoid water crisis
Indonesia is to develop seawater desalination projects in five islands of its Thousand Islands regency in a bid to head off a drought.
Thousand Islands regent, Budi Utomo, said that the projects were to be completed next year on Karya, Kelapa, Harapan, Tidung and Untung Jawa.
The Thousand Islands regency currently uses a groundwater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination facility. According to Budi, electricity networks have been installed for the desalination programmes. "We need more energy. The RO facility uses less energy than the [proposed] desalination facility, which will be used to turn seawater into freshwater."
Meanwhile a water scarcity crisis has developed on Pari and Lancang islands according to reports from Kepulauan Seribu Selatan subdistrict Murta\'a. Three RO facilities could no longer operate, following decreases due to raw water scarcity the reports said.
[출처 = Desalination & Water Reuse / 2015년 10월 27일] -
[기술동향] [RWL Water] 멕시코 담수화 계약 체결
[RWL Water] 멕시코 담수화 계약 체결
중간시장 수처리업체인 RWL Water는 멕시코 파트너사인 Libra Ingenieros, RJ Ingenieria와 컨소시엄을 구성, 멕시코 바하칼리포르니아(Baja California)주 San Quintin 지역에 하루 2만2천㎥ 용량의 해수담수화 플랜트를 건설하는 계약을 체결했다.
이번 BOO 계약은 미국-멕시코 국경에서 250㎞ 떨어진 지역에 담수화 플랜트를 짓는 프로젝트로, 바하칼라포르니아주 거주민 10만여 명의 수요를 충족함으로써 지하수자원을 보존하는 것이 목적이다.
[원문내용]
RWL consortium wins Baja California desalination deal
Mid market water treatment firm, RWL Water, in a consortium with Mexican partners, Libra Ingenieros and RJ Ingenieria, has won a contract to build a 22,000 m³/d seawater desalination plant in San Quintin, Baja California.
The build, own operate deal for the plant - located 250 km from the US Mexico border - will run for 30 years. The project aims to preserve the groundwater resources by covering the demand for 100,000 Baja California residents. It will seek also to boost region\'s the economic development.
The Secretariat of Infrastructure and Urban Development for the state of Baja California (SIDUE) and the State Water Commission of Baja California (CEA), issued an invitation to tender for the project In June this year following an unsolicited proposal prepared and submitted by Libra Ingenieros and RJ Ingenieria under new PPP legislation.
The consortium will fund the project with a mix of equity investment and limited recourse finance. The desalination plant will be built by RWL Water based on its technology, know-how and project management.
RWL Water president and chief executive officer, Henry Charrabe, said: "This confirms our business concept of providing complete high-tech water solutions with turnkey contracting and investment into our clients\' water infrastructure." The plant is expected to start operation in autumn 2017.
[출처 = Desalination & Water Reuse / 2015년 10월 5일]
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